Teletypewriter test distributor



BEST AVAILABLE COPY Sept. 7, 1943. w. T. REA 2,328,999

TELETYPEWRITER TEST DISTRIBUTOR Filed Sept. 17, 1940 S SheetS-Sheet 1 F/GJ M/VEIV TOR n. ma

I I r ATTORNEY W. T. REA.

TELETYPEWRITER TEST DI S'lRIBUTOR Sept. 7, 1943.

Filed Sept. 17, 1940 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR w. IRE/i BY ATTORNEY Sept. 7, 1943. w. REA 2,328,999

TELE'IYPEWRITEB 'I'EST DISTRIBUTOR Filed Sept. 17, 1940 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 MARK ZERO m/vf/vroR W. ZREA A T TORNE V Patented Sept. 7, 1943 NITED ST T PAT ENT OFFICE TELnrYrEwmTER TEST DISTRIBUTOR Wilton T. Rea, Bayside, N. Y., assignor to Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated, New York, N. Y., a corporation of New York Application September 17, 1940, Serial Nasszioo I (01. 178- 69) l 21 Claims.

equipment to insure that the equipment operates within proper limits. To determine what adjustment should be made in a particular instance, it

isadvisable to employa so-called testing distributor for sending certaintest signals to the apparatus and circuits to be tested. Various types of test signals have been found to beadvantageous, such as sentences, groups of characters, or telegraph reversals. By the term tel egraph reversals ismeant either a succession of alternate positive and negative current impulses or a successionof current impulses of a preassigned polarityalternating with intervals of no current, all impulses havingthe same duration.

Accordingly, it is an object of'this invention] to provide a two-ring distributor with means forquickly shiftingit from transmission of telegraph egraph reversals and vice versa. j

Another object of the invention is to two-ring distributor to transmit telegraphperpermutation code signals to transmission of tel enable a mutation code signals and then, by a simple adjustment, transmit telegraph reversals even though the transmitting'contactsare setting up;

permutation code signals.

Still another object of the invention is to provide an improved distributor for transmitting signals which can bedistorted at will by applying to them variable amounts of bias and end distortion.

These and other objects of the invention 'a re accomplished by equipping a distributon'w'ith only two rings, one of which is segmented for the transmission of permutation code signals and.

the. other is segmented for thetran'smission of telegraph reversals. Switches are provided for connecting together the segments of either ring. I

When one ring has its segmentsconnected to gether, it serves as a solid ring for enabling the distributor to send out permutation code signals. When the other ring has'its segments connected together, it serves as a solid ring for enabling" the distributor to' transmit-telegraph"reversals. In a modification of the device, a switch "is pro vided for controlling the nature of the signals transmitted by the distributor. When this the following detailed description with reference switch is in one position, the distributor trans mits permutation codesignals. When the switch is in its other position, it causes the distributor to transmit telegraph reversals even if the transmitting contacts are setting up ordinary permutation code signals. Another modification of the device employs a third segmented ring which is movable and which is used to apply variable amounts of bias and end distortion to the permutation code signals. Y

The invention will be better understood from to the accompanying drawings, in which:

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a distributor equipped with two segmented rings and a plurality of switches for setting up signals for transmissioniover the line to another station;

Fig, 2 is a schematic diagram of a distributor face-plate with a perspective view of a tape trans-' mitter for setting up signals to be sent by the distributor and showing the switch for determining whether the distributor shall transmit per-- mutation code signals or telegraph reversals;

"Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a distributor somewhat similar to the distributor shown. in

Fig. 1 but equipped with a third segmented ring and provided with means for applying at will variable amounts of bias and end distortion;

Fig. 4 is a fragmentary view of a portion of the face-plate of the distributor shown in Fig. 1; and

5-5 in Fig. 4 and illustrating the manner in which the segments are attached to their face- I35 either telegraph reversals or permutation codeplate.

Fig. -1 shows a system for transmitting neutral system employs a distributor I0 somewhat simi lar to the distributor shown in Patent 2,055,567,

granted September 29, 1936, to E. F. Watson."

The disclosure of this Watson patent is incorporated herein by reference as a part of this specification. Although this Watson patent dis closes a transmitter-distributor for use in a system employing a six-unit character permutation code, it can be readily modified by one skilled in the art for use in a system employing a five-unit character code. i The distributor Ill, shown in Fig. 1, has been modified to accomplish the purposes of the invention, the chief purpose of which Fig. 5 is a sectional view taken along the line is to enable the distributor Ill to be quickly and easily shifted from transmission of telegraph signals composed of five character unit permutation code combinations of marking and spacing impulses to transmiss'on of telegraph reversals comprising a, succession of alternate marking and spacing impulses.

The modified distributor Iii shown in Fig. 1 is equipped with only two segmentedrin-gs, an inner commutator ring I2 and an outer commutator ring l3, both of which have their segments individually attached by any convenient means, such" as by bolts I6ili and nuts I'i-I;l,=- to the upper surface of a face-plate l which is composed of any suitable insulating materialgsuch as phenol fiber. 'Fig. 4 shows a portion of thef-ace-plate" I5 and segments S--S, and also shows the heads of the bolts Iii-26 which are employed to secure the segments S'S to the face-plate E5. The

heads of the bolts It-Ifi are burnished so that" they do notpr'otrude above the surface'of thesegments Se-s. As is shown in Fig; 5, which is a-sectional view taken along the line 5-5 in Fig.-v 4, the bolts Iiiproject through-the-face-plate I5-andarehe1d in place by nuts III1.

The inner ring I2 is composed ofei ht individual segments of equallength which are equidis tantly spaced apart from each other. The outer ring I3 is composed of; seven-individual segments which include five segments of equal length correspondingto'the five units of theusual permutation code, a stop segment, and a-.-start seg-' A brush I3 wiping on the stop segment ment. closes a communication path over-the communicationv channel It and through the central office C1 to a -teletypewriter station S1. equipped-with a teletypewriter' having sending contacts and a receivingmagnet 2|. It is to be noted thatalternate segments of the inner ring I2 are connected intotwo groups, one group I The brush I8, which comprises metallic por-:

tions for wipingv over the commutator rings- I2 and -I3,.- is mounted-on one end of a main :drive shaft 68 having: a gear wheel 59 fixed thereonin.

mesh with a worm 19 carried on a shaft H which is connectedthrough airiction .clutch I2 to 'a motor-l3 employedto drivethe shaft 58. Thus, the :brush Isis caused to' rotate ina manner similar tothat described in the Watsonpatent mentioned above.

Seven :locking-controlkeys 3| to 31, inclusive: are provided for-controlling the output of the distributor I9. As can'be'seenin Fig. 1, each of theZkeysSI to- 36. inclusive isconnected to a diiferent segment of "the outerring I3 except that no key. is connected to the stop segment. Keys 32 toad-inclusive, are used for setting up permutation .code' combinations. One side of key 3I,- as was stated. above, is connectedby con ductor'33 to four alternately located segments of the inner ring I2. The other sideof-keyS'I-is connected byconductors 4t and :39 to the four other alternately-located segments of ring I2 Thus, when key 3! is closed, thetwo sets of fouralternately locatedsegments of the inner ring I2 Station S1 isline I9.

are connected together to form what is, in effect, a solid ring. Key 3] must be closed whenever permutation code signals are to be transmitted and must be opened when telegraph reversals are to be transmitted.

If it is desired to test the equipment at station Si by transmitting to it telegraph reversals, keys 3| to 33, inclusive, must be closed and key 31 left open. This serves to connect all the segments, except the stop segment, of the outer ring I3 to the conductor 4| leading to the top side of As the stop segment is normally connected-to' the top side of line I9, this, in effect, converts the ring I3 into a solid ring. Due to nkey-3l being opened, the set of four alternate segments of the inner ring I2 that are joined by conductor 38 will not now be connected to line Consequently, the only segments of ring I2 that are now connected to line !9 are the four alternate segments that are joined by conductor As the brush It now sweeps overthe rings I2 and I3,'the line I9 will be opened when brushl8 passes over one of the alternate segments con-- nected to conductor 38 and will be c-losedwhen brush I8 sweeps over one of the alternate seg-' ments connected toconductor 39. Thus, a 5110- cession of telegraph reversals will be transmitted to the receiving equipment at station S1.

Should it be desired to test the capability of signals which are set up by selective operation of keys 32 to 35,- inclusive. As was stated above,

closure of key 31, in effect, converts the inner segmented ring I2 into a solid ring; Permuta tion code signal combinations can be set up, one combination at a time, by selectively. closing those-of keys 32" to 36 that correspond to the marking impulses in the desired code combine.

tion. Since'thestart impulse inthe usual code isa spacingimpulse,'key'3l isleft open during the transmission of permutation code signals.-

As the stop impulse-isordinarily a marking impulse, this is obtained by connecting the stop segment of the outer ring I3 directly to the'top side-of line I 9 by conductor 42.

As brush I8 rotates, line I9 will be closed dur-- ing the passage of brush I8 over those segments of ring I3 which have their keys closed and will be opened during the passageof brush I8 over these segments of ring I3 which havetheir keys open. Thus, a succession of marking and spacing impulses corresponding to the permutation code It is to be understood that .theuspecific circuit and. apparatus shown in Fig. 1 have been presented to illustrate one embodiment of the inven tion. It is .alsoto be understood that the circuits and apparatus can be modified; if desired, to transmit polar signals instead of neutral signals. Other modifications can also be made, such asthe addition of cams for mechanically oper ating the permutation code keys 32 to 36, inclu-- sive. Y Cams for performing this function are dis-" closed in Patent 2,036,059, granted March 31,. 1936, to W. Y. Lang. The disclosure of this Lang.

partoithisspccification. r r .i

; The apparatus shown in Fig. 1 can be'adapted anaaeeo patent is incorporated herein by referenceas a.

to'transmittwo kinds of permutationcode Signals instead of permutation code signals and reversals. This can be accomplishedby employing keys similar to those shown in. Fig. 3- and by appropriately changing the connections of the inner ring. The distributor l can then be used.

to .transmitpermutation code signals composed of,

for example, either five character selecting units or six character selecting units. 3

wFig. 2 discloses a systemsomewhat similar to that shown inFig. 1 except that it accomplishes other features ,of the. inventionin that a tape periorator-transmitter is employed to set up permutation code signals and control means are pro vided for quickly shifting the distributor from the transmission of permutation sode signals to the; transmission of telegraph reversals even though the tape perforator-transmitter contacts continue to set up. permutation .co-de signals.

' The system shown in Fig. 2 includes a distribuas amarkin'g signal impulse. l0.

tor 2| flhaving an inner commutator ring 212 to ateletypewriterstation S2. A group of four alternately located segments of the inner ring 212 are connected together by a conductor 238 extendingto thetop operating arm of a control key-230. The other group of four alternately located segments of ring 212 is connected by a conductor 239 'to the upper contactof key 230 an'diis also connected to the bottomside of line 2I9.-"

\Aperforator P is employed for perforating permutation :code combinations in a transmitting tape it which is fed into a tape transmitter T for 1 controlling the operation of its levers 258 in the manner described in the Watson'patent mentioned above; As is also described inthis Watson patent, the operation of the levers 258 causes corresponding operation of th contact tongues 225 which are moved into engagement with either.

their spacing contacts l or their 'markingcon tacts 252.

. s The spacing contacts 25! are connectedbyconductor 253 to the lower operating arm otkey 230 and the marking contacts 252 are connected by conductor 254 to the top side of line 2&9 and also to the bottom contact of key 23a. Each of the five contact tongues 225 is connected by oneof the five conductors 255 to one of the five character segments of the outer ring 213. The

stopsegment of ring 2l3 is connected directly to the top side of line 2| 9 by conductor 242. The

i start segment of ring. 2| 3 isconnected by conductor 244. to the lower operating arm of key 230.-

When it is desired totest thecapability of the equipment at station S2 to receive permutation code signals, the key switch 239 is left in the position* shown in Fig. 2. 7 Then, as the perforated" tape t is fed through the transmitter T, the levers 258 will beoperated in accordanceawith the code combinations punched in the tape t and will cause the; corresponding operations of the contact. tongues 22$. Operation of a contact tongue 226, j to its marking contact 252 would close a path irom the; topside of line 2l8 along conductor 254, marking contact 252, tongue 226, one of the conductors 255, one of thefivecharacter segments ofr the:oute r ring 2| 3, over brush 2I8, one of the segments of the inner ring H2, and then over eitherconductor 238 or1239to the bottom side of, line 2l8. This causes a closed condition of the line 2l9 which is transmitted to station S2 Operation of acontact tongue 226 to a spacinghcontact 25l closes agpath from the bottom sideof line ,2l9, over either conductor 238 or 239 tozone of the segments of the inner ring 2l2, then'over brush 2| 8 toone of the five charactersegments of the outer ring 2I3, along one of the conductors255 and the operated contacttongue 226, to the spacing contact 25!, and thenalong conductor 253 to the lower operating arm of key switch 230. Since key 230 has not been operated at this time but is in the position'shown' in Fig. 2, the path from conductor 253 isleft opendue toithe fact that thelower operating arm and bottom contact of key 235 are not closed.

This resultsin an' open condition ofline 2!!! which is transmitted to station S2 as a spacing impulse: Thus, the operation of the contact tongues 226 of-the transmitter T will, whenkey 230 is not operated; result in the transmission to station S2 of permutation code signals composed of marking and spacing impulses due to the fact that thetwo sets of. four alternately located segments of ring 2l2 are now connected together toform what .is, in effect, a solid ring.

If it should be desired to test the equipment at station S2 by transmitting to it telegraph reversals, then key 230 is operated toclose its lower operating arm and bottom contact while opening its top contact andupper operating arm.

With thekey 230 operated, telegraph reversalswill be transmitted regardless of the operation of the contact tongues 225. As brush 2|8 starts to rotate, the line 2:9 will be closed over a path traced from the top side of line 2|9 along conductor. 242, the stop segment of the outer ring 2l3, over brush 2l8 to segment a of the inner ring 2| 2, and then along conductor'239 to thebottom side of line 2 [9. i This results inthe transmission of a marking impulse to station S2.

When the brush 2l8.travels to the startseg ment of the outer ring 2|3, the brush 2l8 closes a path. from the top side of line 2I9 over the bottom'contact and lower operating arm of key 230 (now closed), along conductor 244 to the start segment of. ring 283, over brush'2l8- to the segment b,of the inner ring 2l2, and'then' over con.-

ductor 238 to thequp-per operating arm of key 233;, Due to key 230being operated, its upper operating arm and top contact are now open.

This results in an open condition of line 219 so: that's. spacing impulse .is transmitted to.sta-

tion S2. l r

Passage of brush 218 over the first character segment of the outer ring 2l3 and segmentc of i the inner ring 212 completes a path from the lower side of line2 l9, overconductor 239 to segment 0 of the inner ring "2l2, over brush 2l8 to the first character segmentof ring 2l3, and then along one ofthe conductors 255 to the first con tact tongue 225. Regardless of the position of" the first contact tongue 2 26, the path just traced will be completed to the top side of line 2l9. If

the first contact tongue 226 is operated to {it's marking contact 252, then-the path leads; over conductor 254 to thetop side of line 2l9. On the other hand, if the first contact tongue 226 is' tongue-226' is operated to its marking contact- 252; then the path from the topside of line-219 will leadxalongconductor 254,-over the secondmarking contact 252 and tongue 226, along the SGCOl'ld'iCOIldllCtOI 255.t the secondcharac'ter segment'of ring. 213, over brush-218m theseg ment cl of the inner ring 212, and then along conductor 233 to the upper operating arm of key 239; Since the upper operating arm and top contact :of key 233 are now open, a spacingimpulse will be transmitted to station S2. If the second contact tongue 225 is operated toits spacingco'n-j tact 251, the path from the top side of line 219 Wili' extend over the lower operating arm and bot tom contact .(now closed) of key 233, down alongconductor r253 over; the second spacing contact 251 to the second contact tongue'226, and then along :the second conductor 255..t0 the same open circuit that .wasftraced above. spacing impulse will be transmitted to station S2 irrespective of whetherthe second contact tongue il26 'is' operated to its marking contact 252 or to its spacing-contact 251.

Similar1y,'passage:of brush 2l'8 over the other segments of the outer'ring 213 will result in the transmission: of alternate marking and spacing.

impulses because, when key 230 is operated, the distributor 2 l c will "transmit telegraph reversals to the equipment at station S2 regardless of whetherzthe contact tongues 22% of transmitter T-are setting up permutation codesignals in accordance with permutation code signal combinations perforated in tape t.

Thus, althoughxdistributor 210 has only two rings 2 1 E and 2 i 3, it can transmit either permutation code signal combinations composed of significant current variations ortelegraph reversals without any adjustment other than the mere operation of key 2311.

Fig; 3'shows a distributor 3111 adapted to distribute .either telegraph reversals or permutation code signals which can be distorted at will by applying to them variable amounts of bias or end distortion; It is to be noted that the distributor 3l0ecomprises only three rings 312 313 and 314. Rings 312 and313are segmented similar to rings 12 and 13 in Fig.1 and rings 212 and 213 in Fig. 2.

The segments of rings 312 and 313 are secured tothe face-plate 315 by means similar to that described for'distributor 10. c

In order to: apply biasor end distortion to signals,-the'distributor 310 is provided with a ring 314 which is composed of seven segments, a stop segment, a start segment and five-character segmerits Ring 314 is ad-J'ustably mounted for rotation by any suitable means, such as those employed-for effecting the rotation of the rotatable ringsdisclosed in the Lang patent mentioned above or in Patent 1,847,151, granted March 1, 1932,.to E. F; Watson et al; The disclosure of this-'Watson et al. patent is incorporated herein:

by1referenceas apart of this specification. By

Consequently; a

looseningthe three screws 361, ring 314 can be rotated by the handle 362,the extent of the rota- 7 tion being indicated by the position of the pointer 353 on the scale 364. The manner in'which the rotation of ring 314 can be used to apply variable amounts of bias and end distortionto signals will{ be described hereinafter.

If it is desired to transmit telegraph reversals over the communication channel 319 through the central office C3 to the-station S3, the handle 3&9

of switch 330 is moved to the left. Then, as

brush 3 i3 starts to rotate, a path isclosed from the top side of line 319, over conductors 381 and 382, along conductor 383' and over the outer left' top contact of switch 330 toconductor 342, along conductor 342 tothe stop segment of ring 313;.

over brush 318 to segment a of ring 312, alongconductor 339, and then over the inner right top break contact of switch 333 to the bottom side of line 319. g of line 349 which is transmitted to station Si as a marking impulse. circuit is provided extending from conductor 383 This results in a closed condition At this time an alternative to the stop segment of the outerring 314 and f overbrush 3H8 to the stop segment of ring 31 and then to segment a of ring 312.

When brush 3H3 travels to segment b of ring 352, the circuit leads from the top side of line 3i'9, along conductor 381, over the bottom right outer contact of switch 333, along conductor v38 to the start segment of ring 313, over b-rush3i8 to the segment 11 of ring 312, and then over con-- ductor 33% to the inner right top make contact ofswitch 33s. Since this contact is now open,

it causes an-opencondition of line 3l9'which is' transmitted to station S3 asfa spacing impulses An alternative path is provided from the topside of line 359, over theouter top right contact of switch 3363, along conductor 385 to the start :se

rnent-of ring 3M, over brush 318 to the start circuit'of ring 313 and then to segment b of ring-3'12.

Passage of brush 313 to the segment 0 of ring 312 closes a path from the top side of li'ne313,

over conductors 381 and 362, left bottom outeri contact of switch 336 (now closed), along con ductor 386, over the bottom break contact of: switch 33d to the first character segment of ring: 2H3, over brush 358 to segment 0 of'ring. 312," along conductor 339, and then over the inner right top break contact of switch 330 to the buttom side of line 3 I 9. This results in a closed condition of line 313 which is transmitted to station S3 as a marking impulse. alternative path is closed from the topside of At the same time, an:

,line 359, over conductors 381 and 382; over the left bottom inner make contact of switch 330? (now closed), along conductor 381, over the top break contact of switch 331 tothe first character segment of ringtl i; and then over brush 318 to the first character segment of ring 3E3 and seg ment 0 of ring 312.

Since the lever 329 of switch 330 'is operated: to the left, all the segments of both rings'313 and:

314 are connected to the topside of line 319;

Also, at this time, the bottom side of line 319 connected by conductor 339 to segments a, c, e, and g of ring 312.

Consequently, as; the brush 1 318 passes over these segments, circuits similar to those described above for segments a and'c, will be closed and marking impulses will be transmitted over the line 319 to station S3.

segments 1), d, f, and h of ring 312 are con-- nected by conductor 338 to the top right inner make contact of switch 33!).- Since this contact isnow open, a spacing impulse-will be transmittedffch ted'kbegins' with a start impulse which, in the;

preferred-code employed, is an open or spacing impulse' As was stated in the preceding para- I graph,the path from thetop sidefof line 3l9 to "flOn. the other hand, if

, this time, a path will be closed from the top side 23,328,999 to -station S3 whenever, the brush 3[ 8 passes over one of the segments b, (1, and h. As these seg- .ments are alternately located with respect to segments a, c, e, and d, rotation of brush 3 I 8 during thetime that the lever 329 of switch 338 is 'operated to the left will result in the transmission overline M9 to station S3 of telegraph reversals "composed of a succession of alternate marking ,andspacing impulses.

In this connection, it is to be noted that,'durthe transmission of telegraph reversals, the segments ofboth rings M3 and 3 are, inefiect,

strapped together to act as a. common ring for thetransmission of telegraph reversals. Since thesegments of ring 3M overlap thoseof'ring '3l3; there will be no momentary openings of the lineicircuitwhich might otherwise occurwhen 1 3l8 passes over the gaps between the segments of rings 3l3 and 3M.

" Itis also to be noted that, when the lever 329 fofswitch 330 is inits middle position, as shown g in Fig. 3, it. provides a closed loop condition on jline3i9 in=addition to restoring the control ciricui'tsto their normal condition. specifically, with lever 329 in its middle position, a path is closed rom the top side of line. 3l9, over conductors'38l i and 332, overthe left inner bottom breakconjtact of switch 338, along conductor 388 and then over the right inner bottom break contact of Switch 330 to the bottom side of11in 3l9.

egniem of ring 3 l 3 and also disconnects the botto'm side of line 3l9 from conductor 339 leading [to segments a, c, e, and g of rings 3I2. At the same time, the closure of the inner right top make is to be noted that, jat this time, the segmentsof the middle ring 313 are disconnected from the line circuit and are not used during the transmission of permutation signals unaffected by bias "oren-d distortion. Permutation code signals can i now be "set up in a manner similar to that described'above in connection with the description bffFigQ l by selectively operatingkeys 33Lto =335,- inclus ive, either manually or by means of fcai ns.

permutation code signal that is transmit the start segment of rings M3 and L3H .was

, opened when thehandle 329 of switch "1338 was meveu to the right. Consequently,.when brush I I 13l8" passes over these segments, the line will be "opened to transmit a spacing impulse.

"Now, if key 33| has not been operated, the

path from the first character selecting segment blaring 3M will be open at the top contact of key 33'l so that an open, or spacing, impulse will be transmitted over line3l9 as'the first character selectingimpulse ,of the permutation code signal combination.

of line 319 over conductors 38f and m and then along conductor 383 tothe top contact of key 33!. Since key 33!, is now assumed to be operated, the path continues overthe top operating arm of key 331 to the first character. selecting segment of the outer ring 3l4., When brush 3|8 rotates, this path continues over brush. 318 to segment b of ring 3l2, along. conductor 338to the inner right top, contactsof switch338 down to the upper right break contacts of switch 3| l, and

then along conductor 389 to the bottomside of line 3l9. This causes a closed, or marking signal to be sent out over line 3 l 9. l

1 im marking condition on line 3l9 willlbe ;jcontact of switch 338 connects conductor 338 to conductor 339 thereby, in effect, convertingthe inner segmented ring 3l2 into a solid ring. It

key 331 is operated at contactof switch338.

maintainedas long as brush 3|8 remains on the Ifirst, character selecting segment of ring 3l4l. It {will not be interrupted by the passage of brush 3l8 "togsegnientc of ring3l2 because, as was stated'above, the'segments of ring 312 are, in effect, strapped together. Consequently, {when brush 3l8 moves to segment c, the path will lead over conductor 339 to the. middle right contacts of switch 3H and then along conductor 389 to thebottom side of line 3 I 9.

The secondcharacter selecting impulse of the a permutation code signal combination is set up by key 332. If key 332 is left unoperated, this second impulse will be a spacing impulse. If key 332 is operated, thenapath similarto. that described just above will be closed for effecting the transmission of a marking impulse. Other spacing or markingimpulses can be transmitted for the third, fourthyandfififth character selecting impulsesof the permutation code signal com bination by selectively operating. keys 333, 334, (and 335 which control circuits similar to those described above for key 33I.

The apparatus shown'in Fig; 3 can be employed for transmitting permutation 'code signal combiiiations affected by marking front displacement or marking bias, 'whichis that type of distortion that is evidenced as anadvance of space-to-mark transitions relativetofthe start transition; that is', the front ends oithemarking impulses are lengthened. This type of distortion can be obtainedby moving the handle 329 of switch 330 to the right and by operating the handle 399 of switch 3 to the left toimovetheleft operating contact'arm of switch 3 to its top contact. A path is thus closed from the top side of line 319 .ov'erconductors38l and 382 down to the left top contact of switch3| I. This, path continues over the left operating arm of switch 3| 1 to conductor 39!). and then overthe left innertoptcontact of switch 3'38"to. conductor 39l .leadingto the outer bottom contacts. of keys 33I to 335, inclusive. At

thistime, a path is also closed from conductor I398overi the top. contacts of switch 392 toconaudit ng: leadingto the stop segment of ring 313. Segmented ring 3|2 is, in efiect, converted into "a solid ring clue to conductors, 338 and 339 ,being connected together at theright top make When a. permutation code signal combination "is now transmitted bylthe' distributor 318, the open start .impulsewillbe efiected due to the path from the start segment of the outer ring '3l4falong conductor 385 beingopen at the right outer jtop' contact of switch 330 and also at the 'right bottom contact of switch 3 and also due to the path irompthe start segment or the middle ring 313 along conductor 384 being open at the rightfouter bottom contact'of switch 338. This start impulse begins when brush 3! passes from the left top contact of switch 3H. 'fcoritinujes over the'left operating arm of switch 23! I; along conductor 330,; over the left'innertop "break contact of switch 330 toconductor 39E,

router ring 3M, The length'o'f the stop segment of ring 3|3 to the start segment of ring 3i3.

In'the first character selecting impulse of the permutation code combination is to be a closed marking impulse, then key '33! is pp'erated. The transmission path now leads from the top side of line 3! over conductors 38! and 382 down to hi (path and then over the outer'bottom contacts of key '33! to the firstcharacter selecting segmentof ring 3% 3. The transmission pathis latencompleted by the passage of brush 3|8 which carries this path over from the first character'selectingsegmentof ring M3 to segment 0 of the inner fring' 312, "along conductor 339'- to the right inner 1WD Contact of switch 3! Land then along conductor389 to the bottom side of line 3H9.

When brush 3l8 now rotates, the line 3H5 will be open while the brush 3|8is passing over the first part of the start segment of ring 313, its brush 318 passes over the last part of the start segment of ring 3|3, the line circuit is closed "from the top side of line '3l9', over conductors 381 and 332 to conductor 383',"up along conductor 333 and over the top make contact of key 33l to the firstcharacter selecting segment of'the 'fouter'ring 3M, over brush 3! to segment b'o f the inner ring 3E2, along conductor 338', overthe inner right top make contact of switch 330, down to the right inner top contact of switch 311, and then over conductor 389to the bottom'si'de of line'3l3. I i Thus, a marking condition will be transmitted ever line 3H! in advance of the regular marking first impulse unit which is transmitted when brush 3E3 passes over the first character selectfling segment of ring 3! 3. In order words,. the

jir'o'nt end of the marking first impulse is lengthjened by an amount equal to the amount that the first character'selecting segment of ring 3M overlaps the start segment of ring. 313; Because of this, the start impulse ends when brushi 3i8 jjpasses from the start segment of ring 3i*4'f.to the firstYcharacterselecting segment of ring 3L4} "It is to be noted that the passage of'brush 3l8fover {the insulated gap between the start segment'of 'ring '3i3x'and the first'character selecting'segfmentof ring 3l3 does not interrupt the marking condition online 3!!) because this gap is bridged "by the first characterselecting segmentv of the this advance marking condition 5.

fcari be varied 'atY'will by loosening thefimcf 7 "screws Set-and thenrotating the outer ring 3 14 slightly by meanscf the handle 362, the extenjt of the rotation being indicated by the position jo'f'the pointer 353 on the scale 364. When the ring 354; is the proper position to apply the desired amount of bias shown on scale 364, the three screws 36! are tightened to "hold-ring 3i4 in this selected position. In this manner/any desired amount of bias can be applied to the This. causes the path from the first character selecting segment of the middle, ring to lead [over the inner bottom contact of key 3,3I and 7 along conductor 336 to the left outer'lbottom contact operating arm of switch 330. Since the f'ring.

handle 329 of switch 333 is operated to the right atthis the leftouter bottom set of contacts of switch 339Wi11 'now be'openj Consequently, the path from the first character select.- ling segment of ring 313 will 'now be openatthis point thereby causing an open spacing signal to be transmitted outtover line 3i3.

over conductor 339 to thebottom" side" of. line 353. This causes a marking condition to be transmitted over line 3 [3 in advance of the regular marking second impulse unit.v

When brush 3l3 passes'over'the second char, acter selecting segment of ring 3l3, it completes thetransmission path by extending it from the second character selecting segment. of ring 313 (which was connected to the top side of line 3L3 by the operation of key332' as described above) to segment d of the inner ring 3E2, along con 'ductor 333,"over the inner right top make cone tact of switch 33!), dolwnto the right inner top contact of switch 3i l, and then over conductor 389 to the bottom side of line 319 thustransmit;

fti'ng a marking signal over line 319; i

'In this connection, it should be noted that the movement of handle 339 of switch 330 to the right closes the inner right topmake contact oi switch 333 thereby connecting conductor 338 :to conductor 333 which, in effect, converts the in-l ner segmented ring 3H into a solid ring as was,

Consequently, when brush 31 8.

described above. passes from segments to segment (1 and from segment d to segment 3 of ring 3I2, it will not interrupt themarking conditions described above because the ring 3I2 is now, in effect, a solid 'There is no interruption of the closed condition of line 3L9 between the biased marking second character selecting impulse and its ad g'ap between the first and. second character Se.- lecting segmentsof ring 3:3 is bridged by the second character selectingsegment of ring 3 I}.

The amount of bias applied to themarking second charac-tcrselecting impulse canbe varied at will by manually adjusting the position of the movable outer ring 3M in .themanner described above in the description of the transmis s Vance marking condition because the insulated fthe. biased niarkingfirst character selecting nurs g e If the second characterselecting mpg-1S3 is te be an open spacing irrinulse, key 332, is not operated thereby leaving the circu it from: the-sec 0nd character selectingisegment.'ofring 13 13 open at the left outer bottom contact operating arm of switch 33a and the circuitifrorn the second character selecting segment of ring '3 M open at the. left inner bottom contact, operating arm oi switch 333. 'Whenbrush 3113 nowpasses oner thc second segment or ring'fis, an Open spvavcifig: S ital will be vtransmitted over lli ne 33.9;- This is similar to, the transmission. ofl theispacing first character selecting impulse describedaboi/e.

Other shortened spacing impulses. or'length- Eened marking impulses can be transmi ted 3Q;

' segment of ring 3,

the, third, fourth, and fifth character selecting impulse units of the permutation code signal combination by selectively operating keys 333, 334, and 335 which open or close circuitsysimilar tothose described just above .for ,efifecting, the transmission of impulses of the types desired.

The path foreffecting the closed stopimpulse leads from the top side of line 3|9, overcon- 'ductors 38! and 382, down to the left make contact of switch 3! over the left .contactoperating arm ofswitch 3! up to the .top contact of switch 392, up along conductor342 to the stop segment of ring 3!3, over brush 3l8 to segments ,7; and a of the inner ring 3I2, along firsti conductor 338 and then conductor 339 to the right top break contact of switch 3!!, and then up 3 along conductor 339to the bottom side of line 3!!) thereby transmitting a marking impulse, over 1ine3l9. n l

, However, if the fifth character selecting impulse of the permutation code signal was a spacingimpulse, then the stop impulse would be preceded by an advance marking condition. In other words, the front end; of the closed stop impulse would be lengthened. This is due to a along conductors 38! and 382, up along conductor 383 to the stop segment of ring 3M, over brush 3l8, to segment h of the inner ring 3l2, along conductor 338 to the right inner topmake contact of switch 330, down to theiright top break contact of switch 3! Land then along conductor 389 to the bottom sideof line 3l9. Thus, the regular stop impulse is preceded by an advance marking condition which is equal in means of the apparatus shown in 3," This type of distortion is evidenced as adelay, or displacement, of the space-to-mark transitions relative to the starttransition) that is, the front ends of the marking impulses are shortened. This type of distortion can be obtained by moving the handle 329 of switch 330 to the right and by moving the handle 309 of switch 3!! to the right. This disconnects the segments of the inner ring 3l2 from the linecircuit due to the opening of the right top break contact of switch 3! When a permutation code signal combination is now transmitted by the distributor 3!!!, the open start impulse will be effected due to the path from the start segment of the outer ring 3l4along conductor 385 being open atthe right outer top contact of switch 330'and also at the bottom contact. of switch 392 and also due to the path from the start segment ofthe middle ring 3l3 along conductor 384 being open at the right outer bottom contact of switch 339; The start impulse begins when the brush 3l8 passes from the stop segment of ring 3M to the start If the first character selecting impulse of the permutation code combination is-to be a closed marking impulse, key 33!; must be operated This causes the transmission path to lead from the topside of line 3!9,over conductors 38! and 382, along conductor 383, and then cover, the

path being closed from the top side of line 3l9,

top makegcontac't of key 33! to the first .cha'r acter selecting segment of the outer ring 3. It can be seen in Fig. 3 that the start segment ofthe middle ring 3l3 overlaps the first segment of theouter ring 3. Consequently, dur-.- ing the time that brush 3l8 is passing over the start segment of ring M3, the path from the first segment of ring 3M will be open. Because of this, the start impulse ends when brush 3l8 passes {from the start segment of ring 3!3 to the first character selecting segment of ring 3!3.

When brush 3l8 reaches the first character selecting segment of ring 3!3, the path from the first segment of ring 3l4 will be completed over brush 3l8 to the first segment of ring 3l3, then over. the bottom make contact of key 33L, along conductor 39!, over the left inner top breakcontact of switch 338, along conductor 39!], over conductor 393, over the right top make contact of switch 3! and then over conductor 389 to thebottom side-of line 3l9,

This causes a marking impulse to be transmitted out over line 3l9 but this impulse is shorter than a regular impulse unit by the amount that the start segment of ring 3l3 overlaps the first segment of ring3l4. In other words, the front end of the marking first im- "pulse is cut off by an amount equal to the amount that the start segment of ring 3l3 overlapsthe first segmentof ring :3l4. The amount of thisshortening can be varied as desired by adjusting the position of the movable outer ring 3l4in the manner describedabove.

If the first character selecting impulse of the permutation code combination is to be an open spacingimpulsakey 33! is not operated. The

path to the first character selecting segment of the outer ring 3M is now open at the top make contact of key 33! and at the left inner bottom make contact of key 330. The path to the first segment of ring 3!3 is now open atthe left outer bottom contact operating arm of switch 339. Be-

-cause of this, line 3!!! will be open during the entire length of time that brush 3l8 is sweeping overthe first segments of rings 3I3 and 3 thereby causing an' open spacing signal to be transmitted over line 3 9.

If the second character selecting impulse is to be a closed'marking impulse, key 332 is operated to extend the line circuit from the top side of line 3l9 over the top-make contactof key 332120 the second segment of ring 3I4. If the first character selecting impulse was a spacing impulse, then key 33! would not beoperated at this time with theresult that the path from the first segment of ring 3!3 over the lower break contact of key 33 and down along conductor 383 will be open at the left outer'bottom contact of switch 338. Consequently, the line circuit will be open while brush 3l8 is passing over the first segment of ring 3l3 thereby cutting off the front end of the marking second impulse which will be thus shortened by the amount that the first ing second impulse is similar to that described segment of ring 3l3 overlapsthe second segment of ring 3. The path for transmitting the markjust above for the marking first impulse and is closed when brush 3l8 begins to sweep over the 3 second character selecting segment of ring 3!3. Other lengthened spacing, impulses or short: enedmarkingtimpulses can be transmitted for the other character selecting impulse units of the permutation code signal combination by sea lectively operating keys 333, 334, and 335 which control circuits similar to those described just inarking front displacement.

above for effecting the transmission ofimpulse s of the types desired.

' The path for effecting the closed stop impulse leads from the top side of line 3l9, over conductors 33!v and .382, up along conductor- 383 be operated and the path will continue from the fifth segment of ring 3l3, over conductor 395, to the-bottom make contact ofkey 335, along con- 'ductor 39E, over the left inner top break contact of switch 333, along conductors 390 and 333 to the right top make contactof-switch 3i I, and .then along conductor 389 to the bottom side of line 3|9 thereby impressing a marking condition upon line 3l9.

'2 When brush 3H1 leaves the fifth segment of ring 313 and reaches the stop segment of ring 313, the path from the stop segment of ring 314 .will lead over brush 318, stop segment of ring 3l3, along conductor 342; then in parallel over the left break contact of switch 3 and the top contact of switch 392, along conductor 333, over the right top make contact of switch 3, and then along conductor 389 to the bottom side-of line 3 9.

However, if the fifth impulse was a spacing impulse, then key 335 wi1l not be operated and the path from the'fifth segment of ring 3l3-along conductor 395 will lead overtthe' bottom break contact of key 335, and then along conductor 385 where it will be open at the left outer bottom 1 contact of switch 330. When brush 3 l 8 leaves the fifth segment of ring M3 and reaches the-stop se ment of ring 3l3, a path will be-closed from the stop segments of ,rings3l4 and 3|3 along conductor 332 to the bottom side of line 3l9 as was described above. Thus, the closed stop impulse will be shortened by the amount that the fifth segment of ring 3l3 overlaps the stop seg-- mentof ring 3H1. In otherwords, the front end of the stop impulse is cut off by anamount equal to the amount thatthe fifth segment of ring 3! 3 overlaps the stop segment of ring'3l4; ,Theamount of thisoverlapping can be variedat will by adjusting the position of the movable outer: ringi--3i i in the; manner described above. .Anothertype of distortionof permutation code signal combination is that known in the art as marking rear. displacement, or marking end distortion, which occurs'in the form of a delayof mark-to-space transitions relative to the start transition; In other words, the rear ends of the marking impulses are'lengthened. This form of distortion can beobtained by moving the handle 329 of switch 333 to the right, thehandle 309 of. switch 3 to the left, andthe handle 394 of Switch 392 to the left. This, in effect, converts the inner-segmented ring-3i2 into a solid ring asadescribedabove and also prepares the same circuits that were described above in the description of the transmission of'signals affected by In addition, the movement of handle 334 of switch 332 to the'left opens the top contacto f switch 392 thereby opening the circuit extending along conductor 3 l2 to the stop'seginent-ofring 3J3.-

In transmitting a permutation code signal combination with the'circuits-"in this condition, the openstart impulse will be effected due to the path" from the startsegment of;ring. 3i4 along conductor 385 being open at the 'right outertop contact of switch 333 and also at the right bottomcontact of switch-3H andalso due to the .path fromrthestart segment of the middle ring 3I3 along-conductor 384 being open at the right outervbottom contact of switch 330. Sincethe circuitv extending/along conductor 342 to the stop segment of ring-3B is now openat the left top contact of switch 392, the start impulse will begin whenbrush 3l8 passes from the stop segment of ringi3 l ltothe start segment of ring 3 l 4.

If. the first character selecting impulse of the permutation code combination is to be a marking impulse, then key33l is operated. This closes a path from the top side of line 3), over conductors-38land 382, up along conductor 383, over the top make contact of key 331 to the first character-selecting segment of ring 3M, over brush 318: to the inner ring3l2, along conductors 333 and 339 to the right top break contact of switch 31 l, and then along conductor389 to the bottom side of line 3l9. Asa result, a marking impulse will be transmitted over the line 3l9. This also causes the start impulse toend when brush'3l8 passes from the start segment of ring 3M to the first ch'aracterselecting segment of ring 3. ;The,rear end of this marking impulse wi l be lenmhened due to a closed circuit extending fromfthe top side of line 3l9, along conductors 338i. and 382, down to the left top make contact of switch 35 l, up along conductor 330, over the left top inner break contact of switch 33ii,-up along conductor3'iil, over the bottom make contactlof key 33! to the first. character selecting segment of: ring 313, over brush3i8 to the inner ring:3i2, along conductors 338 and 333 to the right; top break contact of switch 3| I, and then along conductor 389 to the bottom side of line 3|9.

,, 'The;.amount otthis lengthening of the rear end of the marking first impulse is equal to the amount that the rear end of the first character selecting segment of ring 3E3 extends beyond the rear, end-of the first character selecting segmentor'ring'SM. The length of this extension can be varied at will .by adjusting the positionof the, movable ring.3l4 in the manner describedabove. If the r firstcha-racter selecting impulse is to be an open spacing impulse, key 33i isnot operated. Consequently, the path fromthe top sideofline 3l9 along conductor 333 will now be open at the top makecontact of key 33!, the path from the first character selecting segment of ring 3M over the toplbreak contact of key 33! along conductor 33! will be open at the left inner bottom make contact of switch 338, and the pathfrom thefirst segment of ring 3E3 over the bottom break contact of key 3 3i along con- .ductor 3862 will be open at the left outer bottom make contact of switch 333. "This causes an open spacing signal to. be sent out overline ;If the second character selecting impulse of the: permutation code signal combination is. to bea marking impulse, key 332 is operated. This extends. the line circuit to the second character selecting segment of rings 3l3 and 3i4 in .a manner similar to that described above for the first character selecting segments of rings 3H and 3M. A marking second impulse can now be transmitted in. a manner. similar to thatdescribed. above for the marking first impulse. The rear end of'ithismarking secondimpulse will be lengthened the sameas. the marking'first impulse due to the extensionofthe rearlend. of

- ,marking impulse over line 3l9.

pulse ends when brush 3l8 leaves the stop seg wment of ring 314 because the circuit extending i392, and

a 1: Due to the start segmentof, ring connected to the top sideof line M9 by a circuit 2,328,999 r the second character selecting segment of ring 3I3beyond the rear end of the second character selecting segment of ring 3.

Other marking end distorted spacing, or mark ing impulses can be transmitted for the other character selectingcimpulse units of the permueffecting the transmission of impulseskof-the types desired,

The marking stop impulse begins when :the 'brush 3l8 leaves the fifth character selecting segment of the outer ring 3 and reaches the right topinner make contactmof switch33ll, downto the right top make contact of switch ,3, and then up along conductor 389 to the bottom side of line 3l9 thereby transmitting a This stop imalong conductor 342 to the stop segment of ring 3| 3 is now open at the left outer top makecom (tact of switch 330, at the top contact of switch at the. left break contact of switch 3. I

Still another type of distortion of permutation code signal combinations is that known, in fthB art as spacing rear displacement, or spacing end distortion, which is evidenced as an advance of switch 392 to the left, and the handle 309 of switch 3| l to the right. This disconnects the segments of the inner ring 312 from the; line gcircuit due to the opening of the right top break contact of switch 3. a a a 314 being extending from the start; segment of ring 3M along, conductor 385, over the right bottom make contact of switch-3| I, along conductor 396;,ove r :the bottom make contact of switch 392,kand

then along conductors 382 and 38l to the, top side of line M9, the open start impulse begins when brush 3l8 passes from the stop'segment of "ring 313 to the start segment of ring 313.

Since the inner ring 3l2is now disconnected from the line circuit and since the path extending from the start segment of ring 3I3 I along conductor 384 is now open at the right bottom outer break contact of switch 330, the

line circuit will be open during the passage of brush 3l8 over the start segment of ring'3l3 thereby transmitting an open spacing impulse out over line 3l9. This start impulse ends when brush 3l8 passes from the start segment ofring \3l3 to the first character selecting segment of ring 3l3. l If the first character selecting impulse of the permutation code combination is to be a spacing impulse, key 33! is not operated. Consequently, the path from top side of line 3!!) along will be open at the left inner bottom make "contact of switch 330, and the path from the first segment of ring 3|3 over the bottom break con- I tact-of key 33! along conductor 386will be open at the left outer bottom make contact of switch 330. Consequently, an open spacing signal will be impressed upon line 3i9.

If the first character selecting impulse of the permutation code combination is to be a marking impulse, key '33l is operated, When the brush 3l8 passes from the start segment of relay 3|3 to the first character selecting segment of ring 3I3, the line circuit will be closed from the top side of line 3i9, along conductors 38! and 382, up along conductor 383, over the top make contact of key 33! to the first character selecting segment of ring 3M, over brush 3!!! to the first character selecting segment of ring 3l3, over the bottomgmake contact of key 33L down along conductor 39!, over the left top inner break contact of switch 339, along conductors 390 and 393, over the; right top make contact of switch 3H, and then up along conductor 389 to the bottom side of line 3I9. a

If the second character selecting impulse of the permutation code combination is to be a spacing impulse, then key 332 will not be operated and an open spacing impulse will be sent over line 3 [9 by means similar to that described above for the spacing first impulse. I

Since key 332 will not be operated at this time,

relative to the'beginning of'the startimpulse. This shortening of the rear end of the marking first impulse will occur when brush 3| 8 passes from the first character selecting segment of ring 3 [4 to the second segment of ring 3 because the circuit extending from this second segment will now pass over the top break contact of key 332 down along conductor 38'! where it will be open at'the left bottom inner make contact of switch 330. Consequently, the length of marking first impulse will be shortened as it will begin when ,brush 3l8 passes from the start segment of ring 3|3 to the first segment of ring 313 andit will The length of this marking first impulse can be varied at will-by adjusting, in the manner described above, the extent towhich the second segment of ring 3| 4 overlaps the first segment of ring 3|3 a 'If the second character selecting impulse isto be a marking impulse, then key 332 is operated toextendthe line circuit from the top side of line 3I9 overthe top make contact of key 332 to the second segment of ring 3. A marking second impulse can now be transmitted over a circuit similar to that described just above for the marking. first impulse,

fleeting the transmission of impulses of the types desired.

The path for effecting the transmission of the marking stop impulse is closed when brush 3l8 passes from the fifth character selecting segment of ring 3l3 to .thestop segment of ring 3l3. This path extends fromrthe top side of line 3l9, along conductors 381, and 382, up along conductor 383 to the stop segment of ring 3l3, down along conductor 342, over the left break contact of switch 3i i, along conductor 333, over the right top make contact of switch 3| l, and then along conductor 389 to the bottom side of line 319 thereby'transmitting a marking impulse over line 3! 9.

The above circuits and apparatus have been described and illustrated in order to explain the principles and features of operation of the invention. It is to be understood that various modifications of these specific circuits and apparatus can be made without exceeding the scope of the invention, whichis to'be limited onlyby the claims appended hereto. What is claimed is: e 1. A telegraph system including in combination at least a first telegraphstation and a second telegraph station, a communication channel for connecting the two stations, said first station having transmitting means for transmitting significant current variations over the communication channel to a second station, said transmitting means including a distributor for distributing said significant current variations to the communication channel, control means for causing said distributor in one instance to distribute permutation code signal combinations composed of significant current variations, and instrumentalities for causing said distributor in another instance to distribute non-code telegraph re-, versals.

'2. In combination, a telegraph transmitterdistributor for transmitting telegraph impulses, and instrumentalities for causing said distributor to transmit alternatively non-code telegraph re- *Versals and permutation code signal combinations fcomposed of significant current variations, said instr'umentalities including a control switch and a plurality of control circuits.

3. In combination, a telegraph transmitterdistributor for transmitting telegraph impulses comprising non-code telegraph reversals and permutation code signal combinations composed of significant current "variations, said transmitterdistributor having at least two rings,all of said ,from the transmission of permutation code signal of non code combinations to. the transmission telegraph reversals. '4. In combination, a telegraph transmitterdistributor for transmitting telegraph impulses, said transmitter-distributor having 'a face-plate with only two rings thereon, each of said rings on the face-platebeing segmented, one of said rings being segmentcdfor the transmission of one type of telegraph signals composed of significant current variations, another of said rings being segmented for the transmission of another typejor telegraph signals also composed of" significant current variations, means for operating thetransmitter-distributor, and control means for switching the operation of the transmitter-distributor from" one type of signals tothe other type of signals. z

5. In combination, a telegraph distributor for distributing telegraph impulses, saiddistributor having a face-plataa plurality of segmented tothe stop segment oi'ring 3i4,over brush 3| 8 rings, means for attaching at least two of said rings to the face-plate, the first of said rings at- I tached to the face-plate being segmented for the transmission of a first type of telegraph signals, the second of said rings attached tothe faceplate' being segmented for the transmission of a second type of telegraph signals, means for in efiect converting the first of said rings into a solid ring for conditioning the distributor for the transmission of the second type of signals, and other means for converting th second ring in efiect into a solid ring for conditioning the distributor for the transmission of the first type of signals. l

6. A telegraph system comprising in combina- I tion a first telegraph station and a second telegraph station, a communication channel forconnecting the two stations, said first station'having a telegraph transmitter-distributor for transmitting significant current variationsoVer the communication channel to-the second station, said transmitter-distributor having a face-plate, a plurality of segmented rings, means for attaching at least two of said segmented rings to the face-plate, the first 01- said segmented rings' attached to the face-plate being segmented for the transmission of permutation code signal combinations composed of significant current variations, the second of said segmented rings attached to the face-plate being segmented for the transmission of telegraph reversals, a plurality of controlcircuits, a movable control instrumentality having at least two alternative positions, means for closing and opening certain of said control circuits in response to the movement of the control instrumentality to one of its positions for in effectconverting one of said segmented rings affixed to the face-plate into a solid ring for conditioning the distributor for the transmission-of permutation code signal combinations, and other means for closing and opening certain of said control circuits in response to the movement of the control instrumentality to another of its positions for in effect converting another of said segmented rings affixed to the face-plate into a solid ring for conditioning the distributor for the to theiace-plate beingsegmented for the transmission of permutation. code. si nal combinations composed of significant. current variations, the second of said segmented rings attached to the face-plate being segmented for the transmission of telegraph reversals, a plurality of control circuits, a movable'co'ntrol instrumentality having at least two alternative positions, meansv iorolose ingand opening certain of said control circuits in response to the movement oi the control instrumentality to one of its positions for in effect converting one of said segmented rings afiixed to the face-plate into a solid. ring for; conditioning, the distributor for the transmissionof permutation code signal combinations, other means for closing and. opening certain of said control circuits in, re-

sponse to the movement of the control instrutheir former condition those of the control.-cir-.

cuits that were opened and closed by the'movement of the control instrumentalityto one of'its positions. I. 8. -A-telegraph distributor for selectively distributingdifierent types of telegraph signals, said distributor having a face-plate with only three rings thereon, the first of said rings being segmerited for the transmission of one type of telegraph signals composed of telegraph impulses,

the second of said rings being segmented for the transmission of another type of telegraph signals,l the third of said ringsbeing segmented for g selected type of'distortion applied to said signals.

12. In combination, a telegraph transmitterdistributor for transmitting impulses in accordance with different systems of telegraph signaling, said transmitter-distributor including means for selectively and alternatively conditioning: the transmitter-distributor for the transmission of impulses of one of atleast two different systems of telegraph signaling, and means for optionally applying variable amounts of different types of distortion to impulses of at least one of said different systems of signaling.

other of said rings being segmente'dfor the transmission of permutation code" signal com- 1 binations composed of telegraph impulses, still anotherof said rings being segmented for, apply-.-

ing distortion to'said permutation code signal combinations; and control means for conditioningsaid distributor in one instance. for thetransmission-of undistorted permutation-code signal combinations and for conditioning said distributor-in another instance forthe transmission of distorted permutation code signal combinations and for conditioning said distributor in still another instancefor the transmission of telegraph reversals.

10. A telegraph distributor for selectively distributing different types of telegraphsignals, said distributor having at least three rings, one of said rings being segmented for the transmission of telegraph reversals, another of said rings being segmented for the transmission of permutation code signal combinations composed of telegraph impulses, still another of said rings being segmented for applying differenttypes of distortion to at least one of said different types of telegraph signals, control means for selectively determining the type of signals to be distributed by the distributor during a particular period of time, and. means for determining whether any of the signals of at least one selected type are to be distributed with distortion applied thereto and. for selecting the type of distortion to be applied in a particular instance.

11. A telegraph distributor for distributin telegraph signals, said distributor having a face-, plate with only three rings thereon, the first of said rings being segmented for the transmission of one type of telegraph signals composed of telegraph impulses, the second of said rings being segmented for the transmission of another type of telegraph signals, the third of said rings being segmented for applying different types of distortion to at least one of said different types of telegraph signals, control means for selectively determining which type of signals shall be distributed by the distributor during a particular period of time, means for selectively determining the type of distortion to be applied tosignals of at least one selected type, and an instrumentality for varying the amount of the 13. Incombination, a telegraph transmitterdistributor for transmitting impulses in accordance with difierent systems of telegraph signaling, said transmitter-distributor including means for selectively and alternatively conditioning the transmitter-distributor for the transmission of non-code telegraph reversals and permutation code signal combination composed of telegraph impulses, and means for selectively applying to a permutation code signal combination any one of several different types of distortion including advancing and delaying the beginnings and ends of the telegraph impulses.

:14. In combination, a telegraph transmitterdistributor for transmitting impulses in accordance with different systems of telegraph signaling, said transmitter-distributor including means for selectively and alternatively conditioning the transmitter-distributor for the transmission of non-code telegraph reversals and permutation code signal combinations composed of telegraph impulses, means for selectively applying to a per-- mutation code signal combination any one ot several different types of distortion including advancing and delaying the beginnings and ends of the telegraph impulses, and means for varying the amount of any one of saiddifierent types of distortionapplied to a permutation code signal combination. I

comprising a first group of fixedly located segments for the transmission of impulses according to one systemof telegraph signaling, a second group of fixedly located segments for the transmission of impulses according to another system of telegraphsignaling, a group of movable segmentsfor applying variable amounts of different types of distortion to impulses of telegraph sig-l nals according to at least one of said systems, control means for selectively determining which of several difierent types of distortion shall be applied to impulses of at least one of said systems of signaling in a particular instance, and means for moving said group of movable segments for varying the amount of the selected type of distortion.

on, the first of said rings being segmented for the transmission of one type of telegraph signals, the second of said rings being segmented for the transmission of another type of telegraph signals, the third of said rings beingsegmented for applying variable amounts of difierent types of distortion to telegraph signalsof at least one of said types, securing means for fixedly and immovably securing the first and second rings to the face-plate, means for adjustably mounting the third ring on the face-plate, means for selectively determining which of several difierent types of distortion shall be applied to said signals in a particular instance, and an instrumentality for adjusting the position of the third ring.

for varying the amount of the selected type of distortion.

17.'In combination, a telegraph transmitterdistributor for transmitting telegraph impulses comprising non-code telegraph reversals and permutation code signal combinations composed of significant current variations, said transmitterdistr'ibutor having at least two rings, all of .said rings being segmented for the transmission of telegraph impulses of the type desired, means for. storing miscellaneous matter permutation code signal combinations, means for sensing and setting up permutation code signal combinations under the control of said signal storing means for transmission by the transmitter-distributor, means for'operating the transmitterdistributor, and control means for switching the operation of the transmitter-distributor from the transmission of permutation code signal combinations to the transmission of non-codeitelegraph reversals without stopping said signal sensing and setting means for operating the transmitter-distributor,

and control, means for switching the operation of the transmitter-distributor from the trans mission of permutation code signal combinations to the transmission of non-code telegraph reversals without interrupting the advancement and sensing of said storage record.

19. In combination, a. telegraph transmitterdistributor for transmitting telegraph impulses, said transmitter-distributor having a face-plate with. only a first ring and a second ring thereon, each of said rings on the face-plate being segmerited, means for in. effect converting the'first ring into a solid ring, means for setting up on the second ring permutation code combinations having a predetermined number of significant impulses, means for in effect converting the second ring into a solid ring, and means for setting up on the first ring permutation code combinations having a different number of significant impulses.

@20. In combination, a telegraph transmitterdistributor for transmitting telegraph impulses, said transmitter-distributor having a face place w'ithonly a first and a second ring thereon, the first ring consisting of a number of conductive segments equal to the number of impulses to be transmitted for each code signal combination of a. permutation code, the second ring having an even number of conductive segments, means for setting up permutation code combinations of signaling potentials on the segments of said first ring, means for in effect converting said second ring into a solid ring, vmeans for in efiect converting said first ringinto a, solid ring, and means for connecting all of the odd numbered segments of thesecond ring together and for connecting all of the even numbered segments of the second ring together whereby to transmit non-code telegraph reversals comprising an integral number of reversalcycles for each cycle of said trans.-

mitter distributor.

'21. Ina telegraph system, a normally closed telegraph. loop having a signaling battery associated therewith, a transmitter-distributor having at least a first anda second ring, all of the rings being segmented, means for connecting any orxall of the segments of the first ring to one side of-said loop for establishing code combina tional connection thereto or in effect connecting a solid ring thereto, said second ring consisting of. an even number of segments unrelated to the number of segments in said first ring, means for connecting alternate ones of the segmerits of the second ring to the other side of. said loop -for. transmitting non-code telegraph reversals in cooperation with said first ring as a solid ring; and means for connecting the remaining segments of said second ring to said other side of the loop for cooperating as in efiect a solid ring. with combinationally connected segmerits ofthe first ring in the transmission of code signals. 1 WILTON T. REA. 

